Step One of the ADDIE Model: Analysis

Can We Skip to the Good Part? 

    In instructional design, one can't simply skip to the good part, AKA designing. Some steps need to be put in place for one to create a meaningful product. Instructional designers go through a process called the ADDIE model, which supports and guides designers in making products that will positively impact their audience. The first step in the ADDIE model is analysis, however, what do instructional designers analyze? For instructional designers to have anything to analyze, they must complete a data collection. Instructional designers can collect data in the following ways according to Piskurich (2015)...

            • Focus Groups: A focus group is a small gathering of individuals who are considered specialists in the information that instructional designers are trying to gather. The success of a focus group will depend on how well the instructional designer facilitates the group. 
            • Interviews: An interview can be done either in person or over the phone, and there are two ways that instructional designers can go about interviewing. They can predetermine their questions and send them out. This would allow interviewees to view the questions in advance, and consider what they want to say, or if they are unsure of what to say, they could reach out to others in the company and ask what their thoughts and/or opinions are. Secondly, an instructional designer can just "go with the flow", meaning that the questions are not predetermined. The questions an instructional designer might ask will be dependent on the conversation the interviewees are having. 
            • Questionnaire or survey: This is where instructional designers simply send out questions to individuals to respond to. 
            • Observations: During an observation, an instructional designer will observe individuals working. It is advised that instructional designers do not just focus on those who are considered the "experts", but also focus on those who are less experienced or new to their position.
While there are other ways to collect data those are the four most popular ways for instructional designers. 

Once data has been collected, the analysis phase of the ADDIE model may begin. Just as there are multiple ways to collect data, there are also many ways an instructional designer can analyze. The method that an instructional designer uses is dependent on the time frame, resources, and what the company is looking for. Figure 1 illustrates the different types of analysis types that may be used along with the purpose, sequence, methods, and products of each type as well.


Figure 1: Types of Analysis

Figure 1: Different types of Analysis 


It's all about the audience: 
    
    Considering the audience might come across as stating the obvious, however, what may not be as obvious or even considered, is analyzing your audience individually rather than as a whole group. According to Piskurich (2015) instructional designer need to consider things such as, but not limited to...
        • Age
        • Gender
        • Educational experience 
        • Past training experience 
        • Interests 
By analyzing the individual instructional designers can make products that can be accustomed to all the different learners which will motivate and make their learners feel comfortable. 


Technologies for Data Collection
    
    My project focuses on supporting teachers who teach small groups in upper elementary, and after reading chapter 3 the two technologies that I believe will best guide me are observations and focus groups. Through observations, I will observe how the training is already being taught to educators and make note of what could be improved and/or different ways of presenting the information to the audience. Along with observing the training, I will also be observing how trainees are reacting or behaving during the training. I will be observing if the audience is engaged, participating, etc. 
    A focus group will allow me to better understand how teachers feel about the current state of the training and what they feel they need more support on. The focus group will consist of educators with a range of experience. 

Technologies for Analysis Collection

    Along with collecting data, I will also need to perform an analysis collection. The technologies that I will use for analysis collections will include the following...

        • Learning Needs Analysis: To do this correctly, I will use the template that was provided by the author of the book. The template will support me in staying organized but will also help me determine the learning needs of my audience. 
        • Criticality Analysis: To avoid providing information that my audience is already of aware of and familiar with, using a criticality analysis will help prevent that. Completing a criticality analysis will support me in narrowing down what is necessary to implement and what can be left out. 

Resources: George M. Piskurich. (2015). Rapid Instructional Design: Learning ID Fast and Right: Vol. Third edition. Wiley.


     

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